Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in several different diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, mental illness, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, and many others.1-4 Patients at risk for vitamin D deficiency include those who are aged ≥ 65 years, have darker skin, live in northern latitudes, have a history of osteoporosis or chronic kidney disease (CKD), or are taking medications that can affect vitamin D levels (eg, melphalan).5
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